Gertrude Stein (1874 – 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector. She moved to Paris in 1903, and made France her home for the remainder of her life. The leading figures of modernism in literature and the arts would meet in her salons. Her books include Q.E.D.(1903), Fernhurst (1904), Three Lives (1905–06), The Making of Americans (1902–1911), and Tender Buttons (1914). The publication of The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933) lifted Gertrude Stein from literary obscurity to celebrity status.